美國(guó)水泥短缺及其原因
美國(guó)水泥短缺至少有三的原因。第一,以往十年里,水泥需求平平,由于利息低,住宅建筑增多,經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)了,2003年的四季度水泥需求量增加了一倍。第二,水泥依賴進(jìn)口,但水泥的運(yùn)送船數(shù)量自1985年以來沒增加過。建筑行業(yè)進(jìn)口其他材料如鋁都是用集裝箱裝運(yùn),從來沒遇到貨運(yùn)船只不足的問題。
最后,中國(guó)為2008年的奧運(yùn)會(huì)計(jì)劃進(jìn)行大量的基礎(chǔ)建設(shè),這使全球海運(yùn)也趨于緊張。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展也增加了對(duì)鋼材、小麥、棉花等的需求。為了滿足這些需求,流入中國(guó)的貨物在短時(shí)間內(nèi)戲劇性地增加。
一個(gè)可能的解決方案是聯(lián)邦政府取消從墨西哥R-Fla.進(jìn)口水泥的關(guān)稅。有關(guān)部門已提出申請(qǐng),希望有所回應(yīng)。
原文:
BUILDERS WERE CAUGHT OFF GUARD last month when cement shortages hit south Florida and started spreading to South Carolina, Louisiana, and Texas, states that depend on cement imports shipped from overseas.
Cement imports average 22 percent nationally, but Florida imports 40 percent of its cement, which is why the state was the first to report a problem. The cement shortage is causing anxiety because it is used in everything from foundations to driveways to sidewalks. In some cases, cement is employed in the full construction of a home.
There are at least three reasons for the cement shortage. First, cement demand was flat during the first part of the decade, but as low interest rates caused housing activity to surge, strong economic growth and favorable winter weather conditions created a double-digit cement demand during the fourth quarter of 2003.
Second, the cement industry is heavily dependent on imports, and the number of bulk carrier ships the industry relies on to cover the shortfall between domestic production and consumption has been stagnant at about 5,700 since 1985. The building industry imports other products, such as ceramic tile and aluminum, but they are shipped in containers as opposed to bulk carriers and are not experiencing a shortage of ships.
Finally, China's attempt to build up its infrastructure to prepare for the 2008 Olympic Games has put a strain on the global shipping industry. China's tremendous economic growth has increased the demand in international markets for steel scrap, basic metals, wheat, and cotton. To meet this increased demand, freight flowing to China has increased dramatically over a short period of time.
One potential solution is for the industry to work with the federal government to eliminate the tariff on cement from Mexico. Rep. Mark Foley (R-Fla.) has written a letter to Commerce Secretary Donald Evans asking the government to investigate the issue and report back any potential actions the Department of Commerce could take.
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